Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p pin lithium-ion \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh: m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, an to\u00e0n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 pin th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn (solid-state) \u0111ang d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean 40-50% so v\u1edbi pin l\u1ecfng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cathode gi\u00e0u niken (NMC 811, NMC 9\u00bd\u00bd) v\u00e0 anode silicon-carbon \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea1c-x\u1ea3 l\u00ean h\u01a1n 1.500 chu k\u1ef3. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ESS), c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd pin th\u00f4ng minh (BMS) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh xu\u1ed1ng 15-20%.<\/p>\n
Nhu c\u1ea7u pin lithium-ion cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 70% t\u1ed5ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, doanh s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t 18 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025, k\u00e9o theo nhu c\u1ea7u pin l\u00ean 1.200 GWh. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng xanh.<\/p>\n
Nhu c\u1ea7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3) \u0111ang b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef quy m\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n (grid-scale) t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Australia \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 35% so v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng k\u1ef3 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (residential) c\u0169ng t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ESS to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t 250 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m (CAGR) l\u00e0 18%.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng pin lithium-ion \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n 70% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tinh ch\u1ebf lithium v\u00e0 60% s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, M\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Gi\u1ea3m l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t (IRA) v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u tri\u1ec3n khai Qu\u1ef9 pin ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Chile, Australia v\u00e0 Argentina \u0111ang t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c lithium, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
Gi\u00e1 pin lithium-ion \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 14% trong n\u0103m 2024, xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 115 USD\/kWh, nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 (lithium carbonate, cobalt, niken) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh: M\u1ef9 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u pin t\u1eeb H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, trong khi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Maroc v\u00e0 Indonesia v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung niken. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do (FTA) m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 EVFTA gi\u1eefa EU v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin tham gia chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ba \u01b0u ti\u00ean: (1) \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 R&D v\u00e0o pin th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi (LFP, sodium-ion) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o cobalt; (2) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9; (3) T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a logistics v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng). Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p trong khu v\u1ef1c ASEAN.h2{color:#23416b!important; border-bottom:2px solid #eee!important; padding-bottom:5px!important; margin-top:25px!important;} p{margin-bottom:1.5em!important; line-height:1.7!important;}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e1o C\u00e1o Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u00ean S\u00e2u: Pin Lithium-Ion v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u01b0u Tr\u1eef N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n
1. T\u1ed5ng Quan V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p pin lithium-ion \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh: m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, an to\u00e0n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":210,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[434],"tags":[398,1010,1008,7240,1009],"class_list":["post-3657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lithium-ion-batteries","tag-chuoi-cung-ung","tag-cong-nghe-pin","tag-luu-tru-nang-luong","tag-pin-lithium","tag-xe-dien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/210"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3657"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3657\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}