Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t. Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tu\u00e2n theo \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thu nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc transistor \u0111ang ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i do c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u1edf quy tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi 3nm. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n theo nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n
– **Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac GAA (Gate-All-Around):** C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 TSMC v\u00e0 Samsung \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb FinFET sang GAA (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 3nm GAE c\u1ee7a Samsung). Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng cho chip AI v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao (HPC).
\n– **T\u00edch h\u1ee3p Chiplet v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn:** Thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t chip \u0111\u01a1n kh\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111ang chia nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u Chiplet (l\u00f5i vi m\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i 2.5D\/3D (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: CoWoS c\u1ee7a TSMC, EMIB c\u1ee7a Intel). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p chip logic, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i).
\n– **V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi:** Ngo\u00e0i silicon, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Gallium Nitride (GaN) v\u00e0 Silicon Carbide (SiC) \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. GaN cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch cao h\u01a1n trong b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c nhanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m g\u1ed1c 5G, trong khi SiC gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.
\n– **In- Memory Computing v\u00e0 Chip Neuromorphic:** \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft “b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb” trong AI, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: chip HBM-PIM c\u1ee7a Samsung) v\u00e0 chip m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng th\u1ea7n kinh (neuromorphic) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Von Neumann truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n
– **Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y:** C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn (LLM) nh\u01b0 GPT-4, Claude y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 GPU (NVIDIA H100\/B200), ASIC t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh (TPU c\u1ee7a Google, Trainium c\u1ee7a AWS) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao (HBM3) \u0111ang t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng chip AI d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t 400 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2027, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 20% t\u1ed5ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.
\n– **Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i:** M\u1ed7i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 1.500 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i xe x\u0103ng. C\u00e1c chip SiC cho inverter, MCU cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin, radar\/lidar cho c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t ngu\u1ed3n cung. Doanh s\u1ed1 EV to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng 35% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, k\u00e9o theo nhu c\u1ea7u chip c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hai ch\u1eef s\u1ed1.
\n– **H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 IoT:** 5G\/6G, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (IoT) c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n bi\u00ean (Edge Computing) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chip RF, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MEMS v\u00e0 vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (MCU) n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng chip IoT d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9p (CAGR) 12% \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb:<\/p>\n
– **S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng:** C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c (h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u m\u00e1y quang kh\u1eafc EUV, chip AI cao c\u1ea5p) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (SMIC, Huawei). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra hai h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: m\u1ed9t do M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh d\u1eabn d\u1eaft (TSMC, Samsung, Intel), m\u1ed9t do Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.
\n– **Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch “Chip Act” to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u:** M\u1ef9 (CHIPS Act 52 t\u1ef7 USD), EU (European Chips Act 43 t\u1ef7 Euro), Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Rapidus), v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (K-Chips Act) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (Fabs) trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng “friendshoring” (chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh) \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan (TSMC chi\u1ebfm 90% chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn).
\n– **C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n cung chip c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t:** Trong khi chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, chip truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (28nm, 45nm) cho \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng v\u1eabn khan hi\u1ebfm. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Infineon, STMicroelectronics \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00e2u \u00c1.
\n– **Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i:** Gi\u00e1 wafer silicon t\u0103ng 10-15% do chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4. C\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (CPTPP, RCEP) \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o thu\u1ebf quan m\u1edbi, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y chip gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ASEAN.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2024-2025 s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 2 ch\u1eef s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ea1t 700 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2025. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb AI v\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n cung, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trung l\u1eadp (Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro.h2{color:#23416b!important; border-bottom:2px solid #eee!important; padding-bottom:5px!important; margin-top:25px!important;} p{margin-bottom:1.5em!important; line-height:1.7!important;}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e1o C\u00e1o Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u00ean S\u00e2u: C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 Vi M\u1ea1ch T\u00edch H\u1ee3p v\u00e0 B\u00e1n D\u1eabn<\/p>\n
1. \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7: Cu\u1ed9c \u0110ua Thu Nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac M\u1edbi<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t. Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tu\u00e2n theo \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thu nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc transistor \u0111ang ch\u1ead<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":107,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[336],"tags":[6171,6173,398,6526,3243],"class_list":["post-3282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-integrated-circuits","tag-ban-dan","tag-chip-ai","tag-chuoi-cung-ung","tag-cong-nghe-gan","tag-vi-mach-tich-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/107"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3282"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3282\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}