Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng diode, transistor v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang nh\u1ea1y (photosensitive devices) \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thu nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
– **Diode:** S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a diode Schottky d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Silicon Carbide (SiC) v\u00e0 Gallium Nitride (GaN) \u0111ang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i chip-scale (CSP) v\u00e0 diode t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ESD \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 IoT.
\n– **Transistor:** Transistor hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng (FET) ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n GaN v\u00e0 SiC \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf MOSFET silicon truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c nhanh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, transistor l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c c\u1ed5ng c\u00e1ch ly (IGBT) th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 7 v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecfng (field-stop trench) \u0111ang t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa.
\n– **Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Quang nh\u1ea1y:** C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS (CIS) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i l\u00ean t\u1edbi 200MP v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 pixel hybrid-bonding. M\u1ea3ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 photodiode v\u00e0 phototransistor \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c module LiDAR cho xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t sinh tr\u1eafc h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t theo c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n
– **\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng & Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Di \u0111\u1ed9ng:** Chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 transistor c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf (small-signal) v\u00e0 diode b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho smartphone, laptop v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo th\u00f4ng minh. S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n bi\u00ean (edge computing) th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang nh\u1ea1y trong camera AI.
\n– **\u00d4 t\u00f4 & Xe \u0110i\u1ec7n (EV):** \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m diode SiC cho b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i DC-DC v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c tr\u00ean xe (OBC). Transistor GaN tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c nhanh kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd pin (BMS). C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang nh\u1ea1y (photodiode) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn cabin.
\n– **C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p & N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o:** H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 tuabin gi\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c module IGBT v\u00e0 diode SiC c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 transistor ch\u1ecbu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (600V-1700V) t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh theo c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng diode, transistor v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang nh\u1ea1y ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n
– **T\u1eadp trung s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:** Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t wafer (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 silicon) t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (nh\u01b0 Infineon, onsemi, STMicroelectronics) \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y SiC v\u00e0 GaN trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.
\n– **Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u:** Gi\u00e1 silicon tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 wafer SiC (do khan hi\u1ebfm ngu\u1ed3n cung) \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng 15-20% trong n\u0103m qua, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh diode v\u00e0 transistor c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n GaN-on-Si \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed.
\n– **Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u:** C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y quang kh\u1eafc EUV) t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Lan sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng transistor v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang nh\u1ea1y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n– **Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a:** C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
Trong v\u00f2ng 3-5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng diode v\u00e0 transistor d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9p (CAGR) kho\u1ea3ng 7-9%, trong khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang nh\u1ea1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 10-12% nh\u1edd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong AI v\u00e0 xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung:<\/p>\n
– **\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o R&D v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi:** SiC v\u00e0 GaN s\u1ebd l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh trong m\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4.
\n– **\u0110a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng:** Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t.
\n– **T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p:** Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c module lai (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: diode + transistor trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t package) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n hao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 silicon truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.h2{color:#23416b!important; border-bottom:2px solid #eee!important; padding-bottom:5px!important; margin-top:25px!important;} p{margin-bottom:1.5em!important; line-height:1.7!important;}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e1o C\u00e1o Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u00ean S\u00e2u: Linh Ki\u1ec7n B\u00e1n D\u1eabn \u2013 Diode, Transistor v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft B\u1ecb Quang Nh\u1ea1y<\/p>\n
1. T\u1ed5ng Quan Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng & \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng diode, transistor v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang nh\u1ea1y (photosensitive devices) \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[496],"tags":[4659,4365,398,5846,499],"class_list":["post-2969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-diodes-transistors","tag-ban-dan-cong-suat","tag-cam-bien-quang","tag-chuoi-cung-ung","tag-diode","tag-transistor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2969"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2969\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}