Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00e1c node ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 nanomet (3nm), \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con chip duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0 **chiplet** v\u00e0 **3D stacking**, \u0111ang ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau (logic, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, analog) tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 **Gallium Nitride (GaN)** v\u00e0 **Silicon Carbide (SiC)** \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf silicon trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn (LLM) v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u (Deep Learning) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GPU) chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c AI. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 NVIDIA v\u00e0 AMD \u0111ang t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c chip AI v\u1edbi b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ef1c cao v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac song song t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng sang xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) v\u00e0 xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed7i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb 2.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 3.000 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, cao h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi xe x\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chip qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (PMIC), c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn (MEMS) v\u00e0 vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (MCU) \u0111ang t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chip ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng 5G v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho 6G \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 (DSP) v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Internet v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt (IoT) \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chip ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo th\u00f4ng minh, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9 (\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt CHIPS), EU (\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Chips Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u), Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ef7 USD \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (fab) trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0i Loan (TSMC) v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (Samsung). Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng “friend-shoring” (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh) \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chip AI v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (EUV), \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra hai th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng song song: m\u1ed9t d\u00e0nh cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e0nh cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169 h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
Sau c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t chip giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2021-2022, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed3n kho. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb AI v\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00fap ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy tho\u00e1i s\u00e2u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t 1.000 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m (CAGR) kho\u1ea3ng 8-10%.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o:
\n– \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 R&D cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi (GaN, SiC).
\n– X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.
\n– T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c AI, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xanh.h2{color:#23416b!important; border-bottom:2px solid #eee!important; padding-bottom:5px!important; margin-top:25px!important;} p{margin-bottom:1.5em!important; line-height:1.7!important;}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e1o C\u00e1o Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u00ean S\u00e2u: C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 M\u1ea1ch T\u00edch H\u1ee3p v\u00e0 B\u00e1n D\u1eabn<\/p>\n
T\u1ed5ng Quan V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00e1c node ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 nanomet (3nm), \u0111\u00e3 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[336],"tags":[3491,398,5256,5258,5257],"class_list":["post-2722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-integrated-circuits","tag-chip-ban-dan","tag-chuoi-cung-ung","tag-cong-nghe-che-tao","tag-dia-chinh-tri-cong-nghe","tag-thi-truong-dien-tu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/157"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2722"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2722\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}