Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. S\u1ef1 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n thu nh\u1ecf b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn sang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf **\u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng (heterogeneous computing)**. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m (CPU) truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GPU), b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd tensor (TPU) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (ASIC) tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i (chiplet). <\/p>\n
Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m:
\n– **B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a:** C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed lai (hybrid) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111ang d\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u00e0 si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.
\n– **B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (Processing-in-Memory):** C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft “b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb” b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p logic x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c module nh\u1edb, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.
\n– **X\u1eed l\u00fd bi\u00ean (Edge Computing):** C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd si\u00eau nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ARM, RISC-V) \u0111ang th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo, cho ph\u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 thay v\u00ec g\u1eedi l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. Ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3:<\/p>\n
– **Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y (AI\/ML):** Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn (LLM) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5m GPU v\u00e0 TPU kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbn \u0111ang chi h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 USD m\u1ed7i qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y.
\n– **Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Digital Transformation):** C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t cao), y t\u1ebf (gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh) v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n) \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao (HPC) v\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.
\n– **Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng:** Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1ea3o (VR), th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng (AR) v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i dung 4K\/8K \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PC) v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay ch\u01a1i game t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
– **S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a TSMC v\u00e0 Samsung:** C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (d\u01b0\u1edbi 7nm) t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan (TSMC) v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (Samsung). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9, EU v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt CHIPS c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9).
\n– **L\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7:** C\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chip x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (GPU, chip AI) sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Trung Qu\u1ed1c bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chip n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Huawei Kunpeng, Cambricon), d\u00f9 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.
\n– **Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng “Friend-shoring”:** C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n cung, chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sang c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Malaysia \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n
Trong trung h\u1ea1n (2024-2028), th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m (CAGR) 8-12%, v\u1edbi m\u1ea3ng AI v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n bi\u00ean d\u1eabn d\u1eaft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:
\n– **Chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng:** C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 chip ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n.
\n– **Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:** Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chip v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HPC v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa ngu\u1ed3n cung.
\n– **Bong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 AI:** Nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u1eed l\u00fd AI m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 “tr\u00e1i tim” c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ed1. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 t\u1eeb AI, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd linh ho\u1ea1t, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh.h2{color:#23416b!important; border-bottom:2px solid #eee!important; padding-bottom:5px!important; margin-top:25px!important;} p{margin-bottom:1.5em!important; line-height:1.7!important;}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e1o C\u00e1o Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u00ean S\u00e2u: M\u00e1y T\u00ednh V\u00e0 B\u1ed9 X\u1eed L\u00fd D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n
1. \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7: T\u1eeb Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac Von Neumann \u0110\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n To\u00e1n D\u1ecb \u1ee8ng<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. S\u1ef1 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n thu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":102,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[480],"tags":[5081,1885,202,5082,5080],"class_list":["post-2646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-computing-machines","tag-bo-xu-ly-do-hoa","tag-chuoi-cung-ung-ban-dan","tag-dien-toan-dam-may","tag-trung-tam-du-lieu","tag-vi-xu-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/102"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2646"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2646\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}