# B\u00e1o C\u00e1o Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u00ean S\u00e2u: \u0110i\u1ed1t, Transistor v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb C\u1ea3m quang<\/p>\n
## T\u1ed5ng quan th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/p>\n
### Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong ng\u00e0nh linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ed1t, transistor v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m quang \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac silicon truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 Silicon Carbide (SiC) v\u00e0 Gallium Nitride (GaN). \u0110i\u1ed1t Schottky d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean SiC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. Transistor hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng (MOSFET) GaN \u0111ang d\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n silicon trong b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng radar.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m quang, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i l\u00ean t\u1edbi 200 megapixel, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean chip \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t quang h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (OLED) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ed1t quang h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (Quantum Dot Photodiodes) \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
### Ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac ch\u00ednh: **c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4**, **vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng**, v\u00e0 **n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o**. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t nh\u1edd nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 transistor ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng 5G v\u00e0 6G, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c transistor khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao.<\/p>\n
## \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n
### Nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xanh<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u sang xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ed1t SiC v\u00e0 transistor c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. Theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n trung b\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb 500 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.000 linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi xe \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Tesla, BYD v\u00e0 Volkswagen \u0111ang k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ed1t v\u00e0 transistor \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n cung.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ed1t SiC \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m quang c\u0169ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT.<\/p>\n
### T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u0111i\u1ed1t v\u00e0 transistor k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 2020 \u0111\u1ebfn 2023. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n cung, chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t wafer SiC v\u00e0 GaN t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n
## \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n
### Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9-Trung v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ed1t v\u00e0 transistor c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m quang cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 an ninh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 ON Semiconductor v\u00e0 Texas Instruments \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 Mexico \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
### Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 2023-2024 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ed1t v\u00e0 transistor c\u1ee1 v\u1eeba. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 Infineon mua l\u1ea1i GaN Systems, v\u00e0 onsemi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf wafer \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i linh ki\u1ec7n, nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
## D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n
### Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ed1t, transistor v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m quang d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t quy m\u00f4 120 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m (CAGR) 7-9%. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a giao th\u00f4ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng 5G\/6G. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (tr\u00ean 200\u00b0C) v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n
### R\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/p>\n
R\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 nh\u01b0 silicon tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm (gallium, indium). C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t sao c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (RoHS, REACH) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
—h2{color:#23416b!important; border-bottom:2px solid #eee!important; padding-bottom:5px!important; margin-top:25px!important;} p{margin-bottom:1.5em!important; line-height:1.7!important;}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
# B\u00e1o C\u00e1o Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chuy\u00ean S\u00e2u: \u0110i\u1ed1t, Transistor v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb C\u1ea3m quang<\/p>\n
## T\u1ed5ng quan th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/p>\n
### Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong ng\u00e0nh linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ed1t, transistor v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m quang \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac silicon truy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":62,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[496],"tags":[4363,4365,398,4366,4364],"class_list":["post-2372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-diodes-transistors","tag-tu-khoa-diot-ban-dan","tag-cam-bien-quang","tag-chuoi-cung-ung","tag-silicon-carbide","tag-transistor-cong-suat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/62"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2372"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2372\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a.slayhot.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}